Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Geographic information systems (GIS) have revolutionized the planning of green infrastructure networks. With its ability to depict complex data and information in a graphic manner, GIS has the ability to present layers of information about a community and extrapolate information to draw broad conclusions about patterns or trends. GIS also allows for the identification of significant resources within a community.
RATIONALE
GIS has proven to be one of the most effective tools to identify and inventory significant community resources, including elements of a green infrastructure network. The ability to stack information in layers on a fixed geographic point allows relatively easy identification of areas of environmentally sensitive land, culturally significant resources and recreational amenities that may require special attention.
EFFORT REQUIRED
GIS is increasingly becoming commonly used by all levels of government, nonprofit and private sector agencies. There can be considerable expense involved with establishing a GIS system, as well as a need for educated operators to administer, update and create data for the system. Therefore, if it is needed only on a project-specific basis, it may be sensible to partner with an agency or group that has an established system.
BENEFITS
GIS databases allow communities and organizations to link information to locations. According to ESRI (the premier GIS software developer), “geography plays a role in nearly every decision we make” and “GIS allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends.”
RISKS
Implementation of GIS databases rarely presents risks. However, it is important to make sure that data layers used in the database are as accurate and up-to-date as possible to avoid making mistakes in judgment because of misinformation.
ACTION AGENT(S)
GIS systems are a valuable tool for public, private and nonprofit organizations. Depending on the specific needs of any given organization, it may make sense to have an on-staff GIS operator or contract these services out to a private, third party group.
COSTS
The system of land, natural resources, and natural habitats that collectively comprise a community's underlying ecosystem. Green Infrastructure is present in every city, although its size, diversity, and strength vary greatly. Importantly, green infrastructure can be used to help offset negative environmental impacts, for example stormwater runoff and urban heat island effect.
